// MusicalNotePlayer.java

// Simple demo of a simple musical note player.
// It takes two arrays -- one containing the notes, the other containing the times for each note.
// For the notes, 60 is middle C.  61 is C# (the next note).  62 is D (the note after that).
// Legal note range:  1 to 88 (inclusive)
// For the times, 64 is a typical quarter note, 256 a typical whole note
// Legal time range:  1 to 256 (inclusive)
// If the "times" array is null, it will play all quarter notes.

import javax.sound.midi.*;

public class MusicalNotePlayer {
    
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    //                  C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C (middleC)
    int[] scaleNotes ={48,50,52,53,55,57,59,60};
    playNotes(scaleNotes,null); // scale in all quarter notes

    //                   1/4, 1/4, 1/8, 1/8, 1/16, 1/16, 1/2, 1 (whole)
    int[] scaleTimes = {  64,  64,  32,  32,   16,   16, 128, 256};
    playNotes(scaleNotes,scaleTimes); // scale in different-length notes (see above)

    int[] songNotes = { 48, 50, 52, 48, 48, 50, 52, 48,
                        52, 53, 55, 52, 53, 55,
                        55, 57, 55, 53, 52, 48, 55, 57, 55, 53, 52, 48, 
                        48, 43, 48, 48, 43, 48 };
    int[] songTimes = { 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64,
                        64, 64, 128, 64, 64, 128,
                        32, 32, 32, 32, 64, 64, 32, 32, 32, 32, 64, 64,
                        64, 64, 128, 64, 64, 128 };
    playNotes(songNotes, songTimes); // a familiar song
  }

  /////////////////////////////////////
  // playNotes()
  // You do not have to understand how this code works.
  // You just have to understand how to USE this code.
  /////////////////////////////////////
  
  public static void playNotes(int[] notes, int[] times) throws Exception {
    int pp4 = 64; // pulses per 1/4 note
    Sequence sequence = new Sequence(Sequence.PPQ,pp4);
    Track track = sequence.createTrack();

    int time = 0;
    for(int i=0;i<notes.length;i++) {
      int dtime = ((times == null) ? pp4 : times[i]);
      track.add(newMidiEvent(ShortMessage.NOTE_ON, notes[i], 64, time));
      track.add(newMidiEvent(ShortMessage.NOTE_OFF, notes[i], 64, time+dtime-1));
      time += dtime;
    }

    track.add(newMidiEvent(ShortMessage.NOTE_ON, 0, 64, time));
    track.add(newMidiEvent(ShortMessage.NOTE_OFF, 0, 64, time+pp4));

    Sequencer sequencer = MidiSystem.getSequencer();
    sequencer.open();
    sequencer.setSequence(sequence);
    sequencer.setTempoInBPM(120);  // place after setSequence
    sequencer.start();

    while (sequencer.getTickPosition() < track.ticks()) {
      try {  Thread.sleep(100); }
      catch (Exception e) { }
    }

    sequencer.stop();
    sequencer.close();
  }

  public static MidiEvent newMidiEvent(int status, int data1, int data2, int ticks)
                                       throws InvalidMidiDataException {
    ShortMessage msg = new ShortMessage();
    msg.setMessage(status, data1, data2);
    return new MidiEvent(msg,ticks);
  }
}