CMU 15-112 Spring 2017: Fundamentals of Programming and Computer Science
Lab 1 (Due Thursday 19-Jan, at 10pm)

This lab is Collaborative. No solo work allowed!. Work in groups of 2-3 (and the same group the whole time). See the syllabus for more details. Be sure to list your collaboration partners (name and andrew id) in a comment on the first line of this file!
Even though this is collaborative, you may not directly copy any code from anyone, and you may not electronically share your code with anyone.
Be a good lab partner! Help everyone in your lab group, and accept their help if you need it. Don't be in a hurry to finish the problems. Instead, take your time and be sure that everyone in the lab group is following and understanding. The goal is to learn, not just to finish.
To start:
1. Create a folder named 'week1'
2. Download both lab1.py and cs112_s17_linter.py to that folder
3. Edit lab1.py using pyzo
4. When you are ready, submit lab1.py to autolab. For this lab, you may submit up to 20 times (which is way more than you should require), but only your last submission counts.
Do not use strings, loops, lists, or recursion this week.
Do not hardcode the test cases in your solutions.

Reminder: do not work on these problems alone -- only work on them together with your lab partners!

nearestOdd(n)
Write the function nearestOdd(n) that takes an int or float n, and returns as an int value the nearest odd number to n. In the case of a tie, return the smaller odd value.

rectanglesOverlap(x1, y1, w1, h1, x2, y2, w2, h2)
A rectangle can be described by its left, top, width, and height. This function takes two rectangles described this way, and returns True if the rectangles overlap at all (even if just at a point), and False otherwise. Note: here we will represent coordinates the way they are usually represented in computer graphics, where (0,0) is at the left-top corner of the screen, and while the x-coordinate goes up while you head right, the y-coordinate goes up while you head down. Yes, up is down! This is quite common in computer graphics, and is how Tkinter and Brython in particular both work. Check out the examples in the test code we provided to see this in action. Up is down. Weird, but true.

isPerfectSquare(n)
Write the function isPerfectSquare(n) that takes a possibly-non-int value, and returns True if it is an int that is a perfect square (that is, if there exists an integer m such that m**2 == n), and False otherwise. Do not crash on non-ints nor on negative ints.

getKthDigit(n, k)
Write the function getKthDigit(n, k) that takes a possibly-negative int n and a non-negative int k, and returns the kth digit of n, starting from 0, counting from the right. So:
   getKthDigit(789, 0) returns 9
   getKthDigit(789, 2) returns 7
   getKthDigit(789, 3) returns 0
   getKthDigit(-789, 0) returns 9

setKthDigit(n, k, d)
Write the function setKthDigit(n, k, d) that takes three integers -- n, k, and d -- where n is a possibly-negative int, k is a non-negative int, and d is a non-negative single digit (between 0 and 9 inclusive), and returns the number n but with the kth digit replaced with d. Counting starts at 0 and goes right-to-left, so the 0th digit is the rightmost digit. For example:
   setKthDigit(468, 0, 1) returns 461
   setKthDigit(468, 1, 1) returns 418
   setKthDigit(468, 2, 1) returns 168
   setKthDigit(468, 3, 1) returns 1468

riverCruiseUpstreamTime(totalTime, totalDistance, riverCurrent)
First, read the "River Cruise" example problem on this page. Then, write the function riverCruiseUpstreamTime(totalTime, totalDistance, riverCurrent) which takes three positive int or float values, the total time in hours of the roundtrip (up and back downstream), the total distance in km of the roundtrip, and the speed in km/hour of the river current. The function returns a float value of the time required to complete the upstream portion of the trip.